COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR BUILDING A SECURE MODEL OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS

Abstract

This article examines collective bargaining instruments as a key mechanism for regulating social and labor relations in Ukraine. The study focuses on analyzing the content and evolution of collective agreements at various levels, primarily General Agreements at the national level and sectoral agreements. It has been established that between 2010 and 2022, the conclusion of General Agreements was irregular, indicating instability in the functioning of the social dialogue system. Furthermore, such agreements are often characterized by declarative provisions and limited opportunities to expand workers’ rights and guarantees. The study identifies significant transformations in the structure and content of these agreements, including the reduction of certain essential sections, particularly those concerning employment regulation. At the same time, sectoral agreements (in the television and radio broadcasting sector) demonstrate more adaptive characteristics, including greater specificity of provisions, consideration of contemporary socio-economic and security challenges, as well as an increased practical focus. A distinctive feature of the implementation of the contractual instrument at the sectoral level is the regularity and openness of the negotiation process. The study’s findings confirm that collective bargaining instruments play a significant role in shaping the security model of social and labor relations (existing standards for housing and medical care for employees). According to the author’s approach, employment and wages are integral components of the security model of social and labor relations. By this criterion, sectoral agreements are effective, as the ratio of the average wage in the sector to the national average shows a significant excess; the employment rate fluctuates in proportion to changes in the country’s economy, and social partners have not developed an effective mechanism for retaining staff. The study proposes directions for improving the contractual framework by resuming systematic negotiations and enhancing the measurability and enforceability of agreement provisions.