SOCIAL ASPECTS OF GROUP FUNCTIONING IN ACTIVE TOURISM

Abstract

A group in active tourism is not just a gathering of people, but a specific social system that operates in extreme or atypical conditions in order to safely achieve the set goal and solve current tasks. The article examines the features of the formation and dynamics of the functioning of small social groups in the specific conditions of active tourism. Methodologically, the work is based on research into small social groups and their evolution, the results are based on our own observations and research into tourist groups, in particular among student youth. The author analyzes the influence of extreme environmental factors on intragroup cohesion and the transformation of interpersonal relationships. The structure of group roles, leadership mechanisms and strategies for overcoming internal conflicts during hikes and expeditions are considered. An instructor/guide is not just a technician, but a «moderator of a social group». His ability to manage the climate in the group is part of the same «service component» that forms the brand of the region as safe and comfortable for active recreation. This requires knowledge of the socio-psychological aspects of the functioning of the group, which is presented in the results of the study. The models of team effectiveness are described, in particular Drexler/Sibbett, which illustrates the development of a team through the passage of seven stages. Special attention is paid to the socio-psychological climate as a factor of safety and efficiency of overcoming a tourist route. It is proven that active tourism is a powerful tool for socialization and development of team interaction skills. The results of the study can be used by tourism instructors and active recreation organizers to optimize group formation processes. The effect of the «closed space» effect and its influence on the dynamics of a tourist group is traced. Even in the open nature, the group on a hike is socially isolated. This exacerbates all communication processes (positive ones become brighter, negative ones – sharper). The transformation of roles is described. In ordinary life, a person can be a leader, and on a hike – occupy the role of a «performer» due to the lack of specific skills, which creates an interesting sociological paradox. The stages of the evolution of the functioning of a group according to Tuckman are traced – Forming (formation), Storming (conflict phase), Norming (grinding, norming) and Performing (productive work), which in active tourism take place at an accelerated pace.